What is Bioelectromagnetics in Morphogenesis? (Introduction)

• This paper reviews how living systems “cook up” their own form – a process called morphogenesis – using not only chemical signals but also subtle electromagnetic cues.
• It explores the idea that electrical and magnetic fields, as well as ultraweak light emissions, serve as hidden instructions for cells during development, regeneration, and even in cancer.
• Think of it as a secret recipe where, in addition to ingredients (chemicals), the precise temperature and timing (electromagnetic signals) guide how the final dish (the organism) is formed.

Key Concepts and Terms

• Electromagnetic Fields (EM Fields): Invisible forces that include static electric fields, magnetic fields, and weak light emissions, similar to the gentle warmth from a light bulb.
• DC Electric Fields: Constant electric fields that flow like a steady river, providing directional cues to cells.
• Ultraweak Photons: Extremely faint light signals emitted by cells; imagine these as tiny radio signals that help cells “talk” to one another.
• Gap Junctions: Direct channels connecting adjacent cells, allowing for quick electrical communication – much like a built-in telephone network.

Role in Embryonic Development (Patterning Fields in Development)

• During early development, embryos create complex, organized structures using both chemical messengers and bioelectrical signals.
• Endogenous electric fields within the embryo help set up body axes (e.g., left-right, top-bottom) and determine where organs will form.
• Altering these fields can change the “recipe,” resulting in different shapes or mis-patterned structures – similar to how changing the heat or timing in cooking can affect the final dish.

Role in Regeneration (Patterning Fields in Regeneration)

• Regeneration is the process of repairing or regrowing damaged parts, and it too relies on electrical signals.
• In animals that can regenerate limbs or organs, injury sites generate specific electrical currents that trigger cells to reprogram and rebuild tissue.
• If these electrical “instructions” are disrupted (like cutting off the power supply in a kitchen), regeneration fails or is incomplete.

Role in Cancer (Patterning Fields in Cancer)

• Cancer may arise when normal bioelectrical communication breaks down.
• Tumor cells often exhibit abnormal electrical properties, meaning they ignore the normal “recipe” that keeps tissues organized.
• This loss of electrical order can lead to uncontrolled growth – akin to a recipe gone wrong where ingredients are not mixed in the proper proportions.

Mitogenetic Radiation and Cell Communication

• Cells emit ultraweak photons that can act as a form of communication independent of chemicals.
• This phenomenon, called mitogenetic radiation, may allow cells to coordinate their actions over distances, much like a quiet radio broadcast that synchronizes a team.
• The precise role of these light signals is still being uncovered, but they are thought to help maintain proper patterning and timing in development.

Mechanisms of Bioelectromagnetic Influence

• EM fields affect the movement of ions (charged particles) across cell membranes, altering the electrical potential that guides cell behavior.
• They may also interact directly with cellular components such as DNA and proteins, changing how genes are expressed.
• Multiple pathways are likely involved, and researchers are still piecing together the detailed “circuit diagram” of these interactions.

Conclusions and Future Directions

• The review emphasizes that bioelectromagnetic fields are an integral part of how organisms self-assemble and maintain order.
• Understanding these electrical signals could open up new avenues in medicine, including improved strategies for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment.
• Future research aims to map these electrical fields in detail and integrate them with genetic and biochemical data to create a full picture of morphogenesis.

Acknowledgments and Context

• The review brings together findings from diverse fields such as developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and cancer research.
• It calls for a merger of molecular genetics with biophysics to better understand the electrical “language” that cells use during development.

什么是形态发生中的生物电磁学？（引言）

• 本文回顾了生物体如何利用不仅仅是化学信号，而是通过微妙的电磁信号“烹饪”出自己的形态，这个过程称为形态发生。
• 它探讨了电场、磁场以及超微弱光子如何作为细胞发育、再生甚至癌症中隐秘的指令，就像一个秘密的食谱。
• 可以把它想象成一个秘密配方，除了原料（化学物质）外，精确的温度和时间（电磁信号）共同决定了最终的成品（生物体）的形成。

关键概念和术语

• 电磁场：看不见的力量，包括静电场、磁场和微弱的光子发射，就像灯泡散发的温暖，但要微妙得多。
• 直流电场：持续不断的电场，像一条稳定流动的河流，为细胞提供方向性指引。
• 超微弱光子：细胞发出的极其微弱的光信号，可以看作是细胞间的“微型无线电”通讯。
• 缝隙连接：细胞间的直接通道，使相邻细胞能够快速共享电信号，就像内置的电话网络。

胚胎发育中的作用（发育中的模式场）

• 在胚胎早期，胚胎利用化学信号和生物电信号共同构建出复杂而有序的结构。
• 胚胎内源性电场帮助建立身体的轴向（例如左右、上下）并决定器官形成的位置。
• 改变这些电场就像调整烹饪时的火候或时间，会导致胚胎结构的改变，可能产生不正常的形态。

再生过程中的作用（再生中的模式场）

• 再生是修复或重建受损部位的过程，同样依赖于电信号来重新建立正确的结构模式。
• 在具有再生能力的动物中，受伤区域会产生特定的电流，触发细胞重编程和组织修复。
• 如果这些电信号被中断（就像厨房中断电一样），再生过程就会受到抑制或无法进行。

癌症中的作用（癌症中的模式场）

• 癌症可以被看作是细胞间正常电信号失调的结果。
• 肿瘤细胞通常表现出异常的电特性，无法遵循正常的“食谱”来维持组织的有序排列。
• 这种失调会导致细胞不受控地生长，就像一个配方中成分配比错误，导致菜肴失败一样。

有丝分裂辐射与细胞间通信

• 细胞会发出超微弱光子，这些光子可能作为一种独立于化学信号的通讯方式。
• 这种现象被称为有丝分裂辐射，可能让细胞通过类似微弱广播的方式协调行为。
• 其具体作用仍在研究中，但被认为有助于维持发育过程中的时空模式和协调性。

生物电磁影响的机制

• 电磁场能够影响细胞膜上离子（带电粒子）的运动，从而改变细胞的电位和信号传递。
• 它们也可能直接与DNA或蛋白质相互作用，进而改变基因表达和细胞行为。
• 目前认为可能存在多种途径，这就像还在绘制一张复杂的“电路图”，以解释这些相互作用。

结论与未来方向

• 综述强调，生物电磁场是生物体自我组装和维持有序结构的重要组成部分。
• 深入理解这些电信号可能会带来医学上的突破，例如改进组织再生和癌症治疗的方法。
• 未来的研究将致力于详细绘制这些电场，并将其与分子遗传和生化数据整合，从而构建一个完整的形态发生图景。

致谢与背景

• 本文综合了发育生物学、再生医学和癌症研究等多个领域的研究成果和实验数据。
• 它呼吁将分子遗传学与生物物理学相结合，以更全面地理解细胞在发育过程中所使用的电信号“语言”。