Overview and Key Concepts (English)

• Developmental bioelectricity studies how cells use natural electrical signals to coordinate growth, repair, and cancer suppression.
• Key terms include:
  • Bioelectricity – the body’s own electrical signals.
  • Resting membrane potential (Vmem) – the “battery level” of a cell.
  • Channelopathies – mutations in ion channels, pumps, or gap junction proteins that affect cell function.
  • Gap junctions – direct cell-to-cell communication channels.
• Analogy: Think of bioelectric signals as the wiring system of a house that allows different rooms (cells) to work together.

What is Developmental Bioelectricity? (English)

• It refers to the natural electrical signals generated by cells.
• These signals help determine how cells grow, form tissues, and repair injuries.
• Vmem acts like a battery level that influences a cell’s behavior.

Purpose of the Study (English)

• The study is a meta-analysis that compiles and analyzes bioelectric data from many published studies.
• It aims to understand how electrical signals regulate embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer.
• Key questions include:
  • How do bioelectric signals guide normal tissue formation?
  • How are these signals altered in cancer cells?
  • What common genetic factors are involved in regeneration across diverse species?

Key Methods and Data Analysis (English)

• Data were collected from literature searches and multiple databases of bioelectric parameters.
• Researchers identified channelopathies by finding gene mutations in ion channels, pumps, and gap junctions linked to developmental defects.
• A meta-analysis compared Vmem values in normal (somatic) and cancerous tissues using statistical models.
• Bioinformatics was used to analyze transcriptomic data from regenerating tissues (blastemas) across different species – even including plants – to find common gene expression patterns.

Step-by-Step Methods (English)

• Step 1: Collect published measurements of resting membrane potential (Vmem) from scientific literature.
• Step 2: Build a database of bioelectric data from various model organisms such as humans, rodents, zebrafish, fruit flies, and nematodes.
• Step 3: Identify channelopathies by screening for gene mutations that affect ion channels, pumps, and gap junctions.
• Step 4: Perform a meta-analysis using statistical methods to compare the Vmem of normal versus cancer cells.
• Step 5: Analyze transcriptomic datasets from regenerating tissues to uncover genes that are commonly expressed during regeneration.
• Step 6: Discover that one key gene – a component of the V-ATPase proton pump – is common in regeneration across different species and even kingdoms.
• Step 7: Interpret the findings to understand how bioelectric signals control cell behavior, tissue formation, and the differences between healthy and cancerous cells.

Key Findings (English)

• Many channelopathies demonstrate that ion channels are critical for proper tissue patterning and organ development.
• Normal cells are generally more hyperpolarized (more negative Vmem) than cancer cells, which are more depolarized.
• Cancer cells show a narrower range of Vmem values, suggesting a distinct bioelectric signature.
• Across diverse species, regenerating tissues share a core set of genes, with the V-ATPase proton pump being especially significant.
• These results open new avenues for using bioelectric measurements to improve regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.

Implications and Future Directions (English)

• Understanding bioelectric signals can lead to innovative approaches in regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.
• Future research should profile a wider variety of cell types to map their bioelectric states more completely.
• Integrating bioelectric data with genomic and proteomic studies will deepen our understanding of tissue formation and repair mechanisms.

Conclusions (English)

• The study bridges developmental biology, regeneration, and cancer research by focusing on bioelectric signaling.
• Bioelectricity is a fundamental mechanism controlling cell behavior and tissue organization.
• The conserved role of the V-ATPase proton pump in regeneration suggests deep evolutionary roots.
• This work paves the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on the electrical properties of cells.

Key Definitions and Analogies (English)

• Bioelectricity: The natural electrical activity in cells; think of it as the wiring that keeps the body’s communication network running.
• Vmem: The resting membrane potential, similar to a battery’s charge level that influences how a cell behaves.
• Channelopathies: Genetic mutations affecting the cell’s electrical circuits, like faulty wiring causing malfunctions.
• Gap junctions: Structures that allow cells to directly share electrical signals, much like bridges connecting different houses.

Overall Summary (English)

• This meta-analysis integrates data on bioelectric parameters to show how electrical signals influence development, regeneration, and cancer.
• It reveals distinct bioelectric profiles for normal versus cancer cells and identifies a conserved gene signature in regenerating tissues.
• The findings suggest that targeting bioelectric signals may be a promising approach for future medical therapies.

概述和关键概念 (中文)

• 发育生物电学研究细胞如何利用体内自然产生的电信号来协调生长、修复和抑制癌症。
• 关键术语包括：
  • 生物电 – 细胞自身的电信号。
  • 静息膜电位 (Vmem) – 类似于细胞的“电池电量”。
  • 通道病 – 指影响离子通道、泵和缝隙连接蛋白的基因突变。
  • 缝隙连接 – 细胞之间直接传递电信号的通道。
• 比喻：把生物电信号看作是房屋内部的布线系统，让各个房间（细胞）能够互相协作。

什么是发育生物电学？ (中文)

• 指细胞产生的天然电信号。
• 这些信号决定了细胞如何生长、形成组织以及修复损伤。
• 静息膜电位 (Vmem) 就像细胞的电池电量，影响着细胞的行为。

研究目的 (中文)

• 本研究通过荟萃分析汇总大量文献数据，以探讨电信号在胚胎发育、再生和癌症中的作用。
• 主要问题包括：
  • 生物电信号如何指导正常组织的形成？
  • 在癌细胞中，这些信号发生了哪些变化？
  • 不同物种的再生过程中存在哪些共通的基因因素？

主要方法和数据分析 (中文)

• 研究者通过文献和数据库收集了大量关于静息膜电位 (Vmem) 的数据。
• 通过筛选基因突变，识别出影响离子通道、泵和缝隙连接的通道病。
• 利用统计模型进行荟萃分析，比对正常组织与癌组织的Vmem数值。
• 通过生物信息学方法分析不同物种再生组织（芽）的转录组数据，找出共同的基因表达模式。

逐步方法 (中文)

• 步骤1：从科学文献中收集细胞静息膜电位 (Vmem) 的测量数据。
• 步骤2：构建一个包含人类、啮齿动物、斑马鱼、果蝇和线虫等多种模式生物生物电数据的数据库。
• 步骤3：通过筛选影响离子通道及相关蛋白的基因突变来识别通道病。
• 步骤4：利用统计方法（荟萃分析）比较正常细胞与癌细胞的Vmem数值。
• 步骤5：分析各物种再生组织的转录组数据，找出共同表达的基因特征。
• 步骤6：发现一个关键基因 —— V-ATPase质子泵的组成部分，在不同物种再生中均有体现。
• 步骤7：解读数据，理解生物电信号如何调控细胞行为、组织形成以及正常与癌细胞之间的差异。

主要发现 (中文)

• 大量通道病的发现证明了离子通道在组织模式形成和器官发育中起着关键作用。
• 正常细胞通常表现为较高的超极化状态（更负的Vmem），而癌细胞则趋向于去极化。
• 癌细胞的Vmem范围较窄，显示出独特的生物电特征。
• 不同物种再生过程中存在一组共同的基因，其中V-ATPase质子泵起着核心作用。
• 这些发现为利用生物电信号改善再生医学和癌症治疗提供了新思路。

意义和未来方向 (中文)

• 理解生物电信号将有助于开发新的再生医学和癌症治疗方法。
• 未来需要对更多细胞类型进行全面的生物电状态测定，以绘制完整图谱。
• 将生物电数据与基因组、蛋白组等数据整合，有助于更深入地理解组织形成和修复的机制。

结论 (中文)

• 本研究通过聚焦生物电信号，架起了发育生物学、再生和癌症研究之间的桥梁。
• 生物电是调控细胞行为和组织构建的基本机制。
• V-ATPase质子泵在再生中的保守作用表明其具有深远的进化意义。
• 这些发现为基于细胞电特性的新型诊断和治疗策略提供了理论基础。

关键定义和比喻 (中文)

• 生物电：细胞内天然的电信号，就像房屋中的电路系统，确保各部分正常工作。
• 静息膜电位 (Vmem)：细胞的“电池电量”，决定着细胞的活动状态。
• 通道病：影响离子通道的基因突变，就像电路故障会导致家中停电一样。
• 缝隙连接：允许细胞之间直接传递电信号的结构，类似于连接邻居房屋的桥梁。

总体总结 (中文)

• 本荟萃分析综合了大量生物电数据，展示了电信号如何在发育、再生和癌症中发挥关键作用。
• 研究发现正常细胞与癌细胞在电特性上存在显著差异，而再生过程中各物种之间存在共同的基因表达特征。
• 这些洞察为未来基于生物电信号的治疗方法提供了新方向，并加深了我们对细胞和组织电生理调控机制的理解。